1. Classification by walking system structure
(1) Tire loader: a loader composed of a tire-type special chassis as a running mechanism, and a working device and its operating system.
Advantages: flexible maneuverability, high operating efficiency; low manufacturing cost, convenient use and maintenance; tires also have better buffering, vibration reduction and other functions, improving the comfort of operation.
(2) Crawler loader: a loader composed of a special crawler chassis or an industrial tractor as a walking mechanism, and equipped with a working device and its operating system.
Advantages: large traction, good off-road performance and stability, large climbing ability, small turning radius, and can work in harsh site conditions.
2. Classification by engine position
(1) A loader with a front-engine engine placed in front of the operator.
(2) A loader with an engine rear-mounted engine behind the operator.
At present, domestic large and medium-sized loaders generally adopt the structure of the rear engine. This is due to the rear-mounted engine, which can not only expand the driver's field of vision, but also double as a counterweight to reduce the overall equipment quality of the loader.
3. Classification by steering method
(1) The yaw wheel steering type is a loader that uses the wheels of the wheeled chassis as steering. It is divided into three types: deflection front wheel, deflection rear wheel and all-wheel steering.
Disadvantages: Integral frame, poor maneuverability, generally do not use this steering method.
(2) The hinged steering type loader relies on the front wheel, front frame and working device of the wheeled chassis to swing horizontally around the hinge pins of the front and rear frames to steer.
Advantages: small turning radius, flexible, and can work in narrow sites, currently the most commonly used.
(3) The slip-steering type realizes steering by the speed difference between the traveling wheels on both sides of the wheeled chassis or the driving wheels on both sides of the crawler chassis.
Advantages: The whole machine is small in size, maneuverable and flexible, can realize in-situ steering, and can operate in narrower sites. It is the steering method adopted by micro-loaders in recent years.
4. Classification by driving method
(1) The front-wheel drive type loader uses the front wheel of the walking structure as the driving wheel.
(2) The rear-wheel drive type loader uses the rear wheel of the walking structure as the driving wheel.
(3) The front and rear wheels of the all-wheel drive walking structure are used as driving wheels of the loader. Most modern loaders use all-wheel drive.
